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TELL US: How Should We Pay for Our Roads, Highways & the MBTA?
Gov. Deval Patrick plans to ask lawmakers to raises taxes to make up for the shortfall in Massachusetts' transportation system. What options should they consider — and what is off the table?
Would you be willing to pay more at the pump, have a tracking system on your car that taxes you by the mile, or see tolls on state highways? Those are just some of the possibilities looming as Massachusetts looks to erase the state's transportation system's deficit.
The Boston Globe reported that Gov. Deval Patrick will ask lawmakers to raise taxes in order to pay for a transportation system—from the MBTA to roads and bridges—that continues to operate in the red. The administration will present a specific proposal by Jan. 7.
One option is raising the gas tax, a route Patrick sought in 2009 only to be rebuffed by the legislature. Patrick sought a 19-cent hike, while business groups endorsed a 25-cent increase. Ultimately, the state Senate voted down two budget amendments, one which would've increase the tax by 19 cents as requested by Patrick and one that would have increased it by a more modest 12 cents.
Massachusetts' gas tax of 21 cents a gallon, unchanged since 1991 except for a 2.5 cent increase imposed to clean up underground contaminants, according to the Globe, ranks 29th in the nation, according to the non-partisan tax research group, The Tax Foundation.
Another option, according to the Globe, is taxing miles driven, which could require tracking devices installed on all cars registered in the state.
WBZ pundit Jon Keller said that the state should "try to spread the pain around" by putting open-road (a.k.a. high-speed) tolling on interstate highways. In a live chat on Patch in September, Patrick asked a reader whether he'd support high-speed tolls in response to a question about toll fairness.
Keller also said the state could require license fees for bicyclists, whom he said have "been the beneficiaries of a lot of recent public spending."
Other options, according to the Globe, include using future casino revenue and transferring MBTA debt to the state's books.
“At this point, everything remains on the table,” state Transportation Secretary Richard A. Davey told the Globe.
Would you support a higher gas tax, high-speed tolls, a tax-by-mile program or licenses for bicyclists? Tell us in the comments which plans you want lawmakers to consider to make up the transportation system's deficit — and which options you consider off the table.
Adam Maleson
4:50 am on Saturday, November 24, 2012
Cut out the overpaid administrators. Cut out waste wherever it exists. Reduce number of buses running routes that have low ridership. Cut salaries of politicians, starting with the governor and going down the line.
Kathleen
9:49 am on Saturday, November 24, 2012
There are a lot of people who ride the bus because they have no other way to get to work. To remove bus lines inordinately punishes the poorest among us and it should be the option of last resort, IMHO.
Karen
9:14 pm on Saturday, November 24, 2012
I totally agree with you Adam.
Reader99
3:35 pm on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
A lot of the folks taking the trains and buses are high paid and live in the city. Commuting by train is easier and cheaper for them so why shouldn't they be paying more for public transportation. Why ask the person who has to pay all the costs associated with owning a vehicle to pay for public transportation also. It's not fair.
Phil
7:47 am on Saturday, November 24, 2012
We can pay for them with a gas tax, income tax, sales tax, meals tax, excise tax, tolls, registry fees, hotel tax, capital gains tax, fares and estate tax. Oh I forgot we already have all of those with some of the highest ones in the land. Why can't the state live within its means??
TheHam
3:54 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
The legal citizens of this country/residents of Massachusetts can live more than well within its means. HOWEVER, we are over run by democrats (being the biggest problem) who allow anyone into this state so long as it counts as a vote for them during election. Doesn't matter if you're a murderer, pedophile, felon, who cares! WELCOME TO MASSACHUSETTS and DON'T BRING A DIME- that's what our taxpayer's are for!
Trust me when I say there are MANY, yet too few of us who work our asses off all day to pay into a debt we'll never get out of SIMPLY because our federal government won't do their job and enforce our CURRENT laws.
I have to ask, is anyone else sick and tired of paying more to our government to cover
sudburycitizentoo
8:05 am on Saturday, November 24, 2012
Licenses for bicyclists for sure. "Share the Road" should include "Share the Costs"
Jim Lerner
9:08 am on Saturday, November 24, 2012
Most bicyclists are drivers too, so they already pay taxes that are automobile- or taxpayer-based. The only difference is that they cause less damage to roadways and the environment. They also create less congestion and parking demand, which benefits automobile drivers.
Chris Schaffner
9:51 am on Saturday, November 24, 2012
Carbon tax on fossil fuels, rolling tolls with time of day pricing on the highways, and a congestion charge for cars entering the core downtown area. Automobiles should pay their real cost in terms of road maintenance, police protection, sprawl, and environmental costs instead of being subsidized. Leave the bicyclists alone.
Michael Bate
11:44 am on Saturday, November 24, 2012
The gas tax should be raised, as the Governor and business groups have recommended. Creating a whole new mechanism and associated bureaucracy to track miles driven makes no sense, would be costly, and is not fair - the vehicles that consume the most fuel also wear out the roads faster.
Paul Rubin
1:12 pm on Saturday, November 24, 2012
I agree. Yes, on the gas tax; plus it would encourage purchase of more fuel efficient vehicles. No, on the 'miles driven'; plus it would take years to implement such an infrastructure.
Bill
1:02 pm on Saturday, November 24, 2012
Richard Davey is corrupt or criminally stupid- He was in charge of the T and the price of a subway ride went from .85 cents to $2.50 a ride while the T has not only has cut back on train service and cut bus routes, they have kept a 40+ year old fleet of trains and subway trains- The T now goes through delays of several hours everyday when equipment fails on the line because it snowed it couple of inches- Davey left the T hundreds of millions in debt even though the fares almost tripled and there are more people riding the t than ever before- how is that possible without someone diverting money into someones pockets illegally? We can add a hundred more taxes but with Richatf Davey in charge we will hear nothing but the DOT is in debt, and needs more, more, more- and our roads will get worse and worse . . .
Pat Brown
2:15 pm on Saturday, November 24, 2012
We absolutely do not take in enough to maintain the system we have—and we do not demand maintenance.
The Boston metropolitan area alone has over 300 highway construction projects in the “conceptual” phase: a basic project outline provided and paid for by the local town. Every town is convinced they were promised construction funding if they just submitted the project. So towns jockey for construction funds with advocacy. “It’s a great project! Everybody loves it! Hundreds signed our on-line petition!” We have an un-fundable maintenance backlog and bemoan our failing roads and bridges, but we continue to expand the system we cannot maintain because “the public is clamoring for it.”
The November 24 Boston Globe described the freight train bridge over the Charles River which—surprise!—has no advocacy group for maintenance. Freight plus maintenance is a real PR dud. Now MBTA commuter rail engines must be sent from Boston to Cambridge by way of Ayer. We “flex” millions every year from highway funding into public transportation—and expand the system with the $4 billion South Coast Rail. No wonder MBTA riders decry raised fares and poor service.
The Commonwealth will raise money any and every which way. Debating which method is futile; we will employ them all. We need more money to maintain our transportation system.
The question is: Will we actually maintain our system, or will we just continue our reckless expansion?
Regine Ryder
5:02 pm on Saturday, November 24, 2012
Raise the gas tax! That might let the highways finally not be subsidized anymore. The US has the lowest gas tax of all industrialized countries. It would also give more people an incentive to buy cars with lower mileage.
Reader99
7:53 pm on Saturday, November 24, 2012
The people who take the trains, buses, should pay more. We pay a lot of money in this state to run our cars. Not just with the price of gas. We have to pay for insurance, inspections, registrations, titles. Running a car in this state is not cheap. What I don't understand is if we don't have money to fix the roads, bridges, transportation, etc., then how come we have the money to cut in half what illegals pay for college here? The colleges will not operate on less and the professors will not take less salaries will they. So we are subsidizing illegals now too.
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
8:36 pm on Sunday, November 25, 2012
So, punish those who use public transportation? Punish those who help create less traffic and less polution? Have you been on the MBTA recently? Service is still horrible, and the trains are getting worse and worse, aesthetically. With all this, MA still raises fairs and cuts service...
Pat Brown
9:08 pm on Sunday, November 25, 2012
To A Three 6 Mafia Fan
'So, punish those who use public transportation? Punish those who help create less traffic and less pollution?'
I'm not sure what you mean. Public transportation is currently subsidized. Certainly the MBTA receives significant public subsidy. Fares need to rise in a gradual and predictable manner so people can budget, because as the cost of everything else rises so does the cost of transportation. Where's the "punish"?
The MBTA cuts service because it has expanded service beyond sustainable limits. The MBTA raised fares in 2012 because it hadn't raised fares since 2007. The MBTA is currently operating beyond its means, and the 2012 fare increases were described when adopted as a stopgap to cover one year.
The MBTA must raise fares and cut service simply because it's been operating a fantasy budget. Part of the "adult conversation" about transportation funding we're now having is a recognition that the MBTA is not the entirety of public transportation in Massachusetts, and the non-Boston regions of the state object to pouring more money into the MBTA to the neglect of their own public transportation needs.
So two questions: How much subsidy (all public systems are subsidized, but HOW MUCH) should go to public transportation? How much does the MBTA represent public transportation in Massachusetts?
Karen
9:22 pm on Saturday, November 24, 2012
No one should have to pay more in taxes to fix our roads. Isn't that what we already pay for in excise taxes? Never mind all the other taxes we pay. This mismanagement of taypayer money starts at the top. Why don't the politians stop giving themselves raises and stop spending taxpayer money like it was an endless pit. If you don't have enough money in your own checking account to pay your bills don't you try to cut out non essential items? (Oh wait no you don't, because no one is responsible for anything today.) Why don't they do the same thing for once!! And if all the illegals that are putting a strain on our resources paid taxes that would also be another great start to fixing this problem. Wakeup taxing the crap out of everyone will not stop. FIX WHAT IS BROKE DEVAL, start in your own state house.
John DiMascio
3:40 am on Monday, November 26, 2012
The gas tax is the most regressive tax there is. We already tax people's incomes. Now these clowns want to raise the tax people pay to drive to work. Riders should pay for the MBTA. They are the ones that use it. But the issue isn't revenue. It's expenditure. It's the number of unnecessary political patronage jobs in these "independent authorities."
We should privatize as much of the MBTA as possible. Let people bid on repair contracts for the buses instead of hiring a bunch of mechanics. Let's try privatizing some of these routes. A profit making business will quickly get rid of dead weight.
As of the bike riders, if they want to ride on the same streets the bikes should be registered and insured just like any other vehicle. And there should be meters at the bike racks just like they have for cars.
If they're going screw up traffic with all these bike lanes, then these people should face the same rules, requirements, and costs as motorists.
David Chase
3:54 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
A sanity check on your bicycle proposals - the main reason that bicycles don't pay insurance, license fees, etc, is that they do much less damage to roads than larger vehicles (about a quarter per year -- see below for math), and are much less dangerous for other people than larger, faster vehicles (so the damage that they do is covered by standard renter's or homeowner's liability insurance). For example, on a per-driver/rider basis, a bicycle is about 15 times less likely to kill a pedestrian than an automobile. That doesn't mean it won't happen, but the insurance against this event would be 15 times cheaper.
The cost of maintaining local streets is covered by property tax revenues, and bicycle riders pay those, too, same as car drivers.
As a matter of law, cyclists are subject to most of the same traffic laws as automobiles, though in practice some drivers and some cyclists break traffic laws almost continuously.
math: road damage is cubic in wheel load, so a 2000lb car (4 wheels, 500lb/wheel) does 128 times the damage of a 250lb bike+cyclist (2 wheels, 125lb/wheel) -- 4-cubed=64, times 2 = 128. Drive car 1000 miles @25mpg, use 40 gallons, pay $8.40 tax per 1000 miles. If that's a fair price for a car, then for a bicycle the fair price is $0.066/1000 miles. 4000 miles costs 26.4 cents.
Chris Schaffner
9:19 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
"Riders should pay for the MBTA. They are the ones that use it." - Every time you are not behind me in traffic (because I am on the train) you are using the MBTA.
Karen
9:28 am on Monday, November 26, 2012
Cut welfare ,EBT and the free ride. Eliminate six figure salaries for the heads of these out of control public entities like the MBTA and cut politician pay ,benefits and pensions. Why are we paying for millionaires health insurance?
Caitlin Gibbons
10:14 am on Monday, November 26, 2012
I'm sorry, but cutting a safety net to help people feed their families and other basic necessities does nothing to fix the MBTA's money problems. Yes there are problems with the EBT and Welfare systems but taking food away from children does nothing to help public transportation.
Kemper
12:40 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
So true, the bleeding hearts will be upset but the abuse of this system is proven and has hurt every working person in America.
TheHam
3:58 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
Simply taking out the cash withdrawal option for EBT cards would pay off the MBTA deficit. Go ahead, prove me wrong Deval-TRY DOING SOMETHING GOOD FOR ONCE FOR YOUR CITIZENS.
Earnhardt
9:45 am on Monday, November 26, 2012
We are facing a mileage tax to be calculated yearly when you go for your State Inspection. The mileage will be recorded and sent to the State, I have heard a penny a mile. The money is going to the MBTA to help keep it afloat.
Earnhardt
10:41 am on Monday, November 26, 2012
Agreed. its not a big deal Steven, just saying it's what I have been hearing.
Earnhardt
10:56 am on Monday, November 26, 2012
Couldn't tell you, All i hear is if you rack up miles you pay the tax. So I guess if you drive 2000 miles on vacation you pay tax on it. How could you prove they were not all driven in Mass? That's all i know about it. It may or may not happen. In Massachusetts things change on a daily basis.
pmotw
10:58 am on Monday, November 26, 2012
If they do this, do you think they would keep it at a penny a mile? This is how new taxes are introduced. They start out low and people say that isn't all that bad. Then when people get used to paying it (like the bottle tax), it gets increased. It's a mismanagement of current revenue issue. New taxes will not make incompetent financial management issues go away. They will just make it worst.
pmotw
12:02 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
The bottle bill. The State makes millions off of un-returned bottles and cans.
Pete Standley
12:57 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
The bottle bill is an added charge imposed by the state on certain beverages with the full and complete expectation that a sizable percentage of those fees will never be reclaimed by those paying them. That money then goes to the state coffers and the net result is effectively a tax.
If the average driver puts up 15,000 miles a year, that would be an extra $150.00 a year in state taxes to pay per car that drives that much. Ironically one of the reasons the state is looking at charges like this, is that so much of the revenue was depending on the per GALLON taxes they have on Gasoline and as the MPG of new cars continues to improve, that means that fewer GALLONS of gas are being burned and thus fewer dollars to the State from those taxes are being generated.
While it sounds like a small amount $0.01 per mile, the actual tax impact on someone driving 15000 mile a year and getting 30 MPG (using 500 gallons of gas) is about the same as increasing the Fuel Tax $0.30 a gallon!!, which is a lot less than what was being proposed and that was soundly rejected. Letting that .01/mile tax creep in will be a far bigger hit on the wallet for many drivers.
Pete Standley
12:58 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
Which was a lot MORE (not less) than the old tax proposals.
wish I could edit....
pmotw
1:11 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
I guess it's up to your own interpretation of what a tax is. To me, if any form of government is making me pay for something and it's revenue for that form of government, I consider it a tax. If it's not a tax in you view why does the state have the authority to spend it like any other tax revenue? Do you know where unclaimed deposit money goes?
I just found a reference that states Massachusetts took in $33.5 million in 2011 from unclaimed deposit revenue. It's great you spend the time and effort to return your empties. I do too. However, there are enough people who do not and the State has been dependent on that revenue. What do you think would happen if all of a sudden 100% of all deposited containers were returned? Think the State would find themselves in serious under budget situation? Think other taxes would increase to support the programs these funds are being used for?
Kemper
1:25 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
These are the people who were voted into office. Now deal with your mistakes and understand they are going to tax us to death and try to change our way of life to their way. Everybody should have thought about this Nov 6th.
David Chase
3:26 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
Don't you think you're exaggerating just a wee bit? We paid higher taxes when Clinton was president, both federal and state, and we were not "taxed to death", and the economy hummed along just fine. Decades earlier (for example, the last time a Republican president balanced a budget) the very rich paid much higher taxes, and the economy was also generally healthy. People in other countries pay higher taxes, and have for years, and they do well (Greece's problems are caused by failing to collect enough tax revenues, not by over-taxing; Germany, with a strong economy, has high taxes AND a generous social services).
And if you live in Massachusetts, you've already been universal-insured and gay-married, so what's the big change, except that now you can smoke dope for your medical problems?
Mike Hullinger
10:11 am on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
David,
People keep saying we paid higher taxes when Clinton was president. Tax rates were higher, but that's only half the issue. If you are for Clinton era tax rates, are you also for Clinton era Federal SPENDING? In constant 2005 dollars, annual Federal Spending during the Clinton term averaged $1.93 Trillion and averaged 19.8% of GDP. The last 4 years of the current President, annual Federal spending, inconstant 2005 dollars, averaged $3.1 Trillion and 24.4% o GDP. Are you willing to enact CLinton era federal spending along with Clinton era federal tax rates?
pmotw
2:28 pm on Monday, November 26, 2012
The government does not make anyone pay for lottery tickets. This is a whole other area of revenue. How did the state ever get buy without all these additional methods to receive revenue? It would be interesting to see over the past 50 years or so how many taxes have been added and now some are talking about adding more.
John DiMascio
2:30 am on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
@David Chase.. It's perfectly sane to make bike riders insure and register their bikes and pay a meter when they park their bike.
Bike riders cause accidents, get in to accidents, they should be insured and registered. If they are going to use the same roads, they should be subject to similar requirements.
David Chase
7:46 am on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
It's not having accidents that causes the insurance requirement for cars, it's having costly accidents. Bicycles are smaller and slower and do far less damage in a crash (and usually, they mostly damage their riders). We don't insure shoes for pedestrians, do we? You might think, "a-ha, but what about your own crash costs?" but from an insurance point of view, that's more than compensated for by the reduction in other medical costs (heart disease, diabetes, joints -- it's a big deal, the mortality rate for bicycle commuters is 28% lower, even after taking other medical risk factors into account).
We already collect funds for building bike lanes, from the same place that we collect funds for building car lanes -- property taxes. Gas tax revenues don't cover the costs of maintaining roads, and bicycles don't tear up their lanes because they weigh so little.
I'll happily pay to park my bicycle, but keep in mind that it takes up much less space than an automobile. It's not hard to fit 8-10 bicycles in the space taken by a single car -- for suburban parking, that might be 3 cents an hour. Is it worth collecting all those pennies?
People forget that cars are big, heavy, dangerous objects. We don't have all these restrictions on cars because that's what goes with using the road -- we have them because cars are big, heavy, and dangerous.
John DiMascio
2:31 am on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
Not to mention that the funds raised, can go to pay for all the silly bike lanes that screwing up traffic!
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
4:58 pm on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
Without bike lanes you have pansy drivers who are afraid of passing bicyclists. Which would you rather have? Also, a bike lane hardly has any effect on traffic flow.
David Chase
5:56 pm on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
Excuse me, but you guys are being jerks ("pansy drivers"). If I'm riding a bike and someone does not feel comfortable passing me right then, I am really really fine with them waiting till they do feel comfortable, and I am not going to call them names for choosing to be more careful than the norm.
Earnhardt
8:32 am on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
David makes great points, add to that the costs associated with trying to enforce bicycle laws would end up costing more than we would collect. Perhaps increasing the yearly inspection fees for vehicles a dollar, with that money going to road maintenance is one answer. I doubt another dollar once a year would hurt anyone, It's one way to get some funds flowing.
Pat Brown
5:56 pm on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
David's comment, "We already collect funds for building bike lanes, from the same place that we collect funds for building car lanes -- property taxes" is incorrect.
Building bike lanes comes out of the same federal highway funds as building highways. Mostly it is funded by the federal gas tax; for the last several years the federal gas tax has generated insufficient revenue to cover the obligations of the Federal Highway Authority. The remainder came from federal general funds, taken from various sources including the income tax.
Earnhardt, I like your "with that money going to road maintenance" suggestion. However, there is no reason to believe "that money", any more than the money we already collect and plow into system expansion, would go for road maintenance.
This is, actually, the problem more than a lack of revenue.
David Chase
10:44 pm on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
I think this depends on how the bike lane is "built". If an existing piece of pavement is repainted to include a bike lane, I don't think that comes from federal funds (and even if I'm wrong, paint is cheap). Shiny new bike paths where no asphalt existed before, those do get federal money. When a road is repaved wider to include room for bicycles, or when existing space is reallocated with more than paint (new cycle track on Concord in Cambridge near Fresh Pond), I am not sure if there is federal subsidy or not. And at least some places where space is "taken" from cars, traffic studies suggest that they don't need it, so that cost is mostly psychological.
In places like Cambridge, Boston, and Somerville, and in adjacent towns, the cost of adding bicycle facilities is more about the fixed amount of space, and not the cost of the asphalt. You might get more people on bikes by (say) declaring that all the traffic-calming one-way streets (that is, those through residential neighborhoods that don't want cut-through traffic) should be declared two-way for bikes. No space taken, cost is a few signs and some paint, but you might get a few more people out of their cars, and that means the jams are a little less worse and the parking is a little more available.
Steven Cavaretta
11:34 pm on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
Gotta agree with david theres plenty of road for eveybody. Seems like people dont like biker just cause there bikers. More going on here than taxes and road repairs.
Pat Brown
11:54 pm on Tuesday, November 27, 2012
Striping, I'll grant, can come from Chapter 90 (state) money--although even here the source is not the local property tax.
Reworking the BU bridge with cycle accommodations, or the $5.9 million Mass Ave reconstruction in east Arlington with the cycle accommodations, or even the $750,000 to provide the accommodations connecting the Minuteman Bikeway across Arlington Center definitely come from federal funds.
Right now a bicycle is a legal vehicle on any road in the Commonwealth except for limited access divided highways. In regard to your proposal to allow two way bike travel on one-way streets, I'm not sure I want more people on bikes if the message is, "Hey, you can ride the wrong way down a one-way street." It's hard enough to get cyclists to remember that the rules of the road apply to them as it is--and the ubiquitous although understandable lack of enforcement (why even try to ticket cyclists, since they aren't licensed or necessarily carrying ID?) only makes it worse.
David Chase
7:47 am on Wednesday, November 28, 2012
The goal of changing the law for bicycles is to make it not "wrong way". And in general, think about what the current one-way laws (on residential streets) are for. It is not about "order" and testing people to see how well they follow rules. It's intended to keep cut-through car traffic out of neighborhoods, because cars are noisy, raise dust, and are slightly dangerous. Bicycles are none of these, and making it legal for them to cut-through (not "sending a message that the law does not apply" -- that's what we have now, if they do it and get no ticket, which is the usual case) you make not-driving more attractive, thin the traffic jams and reduce competition for parking in places like Cambridge, and make it clear that the law is intended to be rational, and not just a bunch of silly rules.
Also, also, also, the gratuitous slam at "hard enough to get cyclists to remember that the rules of the road apply to them" -- you understand that the overwhelming majority of adult cyclists are also licensed drivers, right? And they are usually carrying ID. And number two, if you actually look at how people drive, the overwhelming majority of them are usually breaking traffic laws. It's not at all unique to cyclists. Speeding on residential streets is especially dangerous; even a 1mph increase in the 20-30mph range carries a big increase in pedestrian (and cyclist) risk. 26 in a 25 zone is speeding.
David Chase
7:53 am on Wednesday, November 28, 2012
Those federally subsidized projects, is it $5.9mil for the whole Mass Ave reconstruction, or is that just the bike lanes? You should not "charge" cyclists with the cost of repaving lanes for cars, parking, or installing pedestrian accommodations. And how many miles of limited-access-no-bikes-no-peds-no-horses interstate does that $750,000 buy? (rural interstate, $1mil/mile. Big Dig, $1BIL/mile) It's important to keep things in proportion.
dlanod
7:35 am on Wednesday, November 28, 2012
The answer is obvious, put a toll booth up at 93, 95 in NH and RI. Make them pay for our roadwork, they surely abuse it the way they drive, tailgaiting/speeding.
Nashoba Liberty
1:34 pm on Friday, January 18, 2013
The best way to guarantee yourself ridiculous increases in taxes and fees is to vote in a Democrat administration for a second term. Don't forget to layer on top the extra income tax that Coupe Deval wants to extort from us.